![]() ![]() For this reason, as Chapter 5 demonstrates, early exiters experienced their illegality sooner than college-goers and became more aware of their social and legal limitations. Early exiters dropped out of school because of financial obligations, lack of mentorship, and/or crime related incidents. As Gonzales shows in Chapter 4, college-goers had strong social networks and opportunities that made them feel like U.S. ![]() Yet, different education levels divided them. Chapters 2 and 3 demonstrate how as children, both groups participated in social aspects of their community. In his first chapter, Gonzales provides a detailed plan for his book, stating he will examine transitions “from spaces of belonging to spaces of exclusion, from acceptance to rejection, from protected lives to illegal ones” (33). However, their personal narratives propel a more nuanced view of their lives, obstacles, and aspirations. Despite different educational opportunities, ultimately, documentation status serves as a “ master status” (15), as the author calls it, that impedes any educational advantages gleaned early on by collegegoers. By following these groups, he studies the personal and social implications of their legal status. He analyzes two groups-early exiters, individuals who did not complete school, and college-goers, individuals who went to college. Gonzales provides an intimate account of the lives of Mexican undocumented youth in Los Angeles over a span of 11 years. ![]() These books are particularly important because, through their use of ethnographic techniques, they prove that an individual’s legal status holds strong political and social implications for the everyday lives of undocumented immigrants and their families. Both provide a humanistic account of the problems Mexican and Salvadoran immigrants face and reveal how these community members assert their sense of belonging regardless of their legal status. Gonzales, and Exiled Homes, by Susan Bibler Coutin, follow the lives of undocumented youth, tracing their successes and hardships under U.S. The stories of the 1.5 generation are unique because they grew up legally undocumented but culturally as citizens of the United States. The millions of undocumented people living in the United States include individuals who arrived as children. ![]()
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